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Your husband or wife, mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law, and sister-in-law are all kinsmen related to you through marriage. They have an affinity bond with you and are your affines or affinal relatives. In contrast, people who have socially recognized biological links to you, such as your mother, father, grandparents, children, grandchildren, uncles, aunts, and cousins, are your consanguines or consanguinal relatives.
They have a consanguinity relationship with you. Masai Elder with his children in Kenya The word "consanguinity" comes from Latin roots meaning "with the blood. This is not true, despite that fact that we still talk about "blood relatives. These contain the genes that determine what we are like genetically. Occasionally, a third category of bond, referred to as fictive kinship , is used to create links to people who otherwise would not be kinsmen.
This can be an expedient for dealing with irregular circumstances or even a mere social courtesy. Godparenthood and the adoption of children are examples of fictive relationships in European cultures.
Monthly E-magazine Current affairs Digest. Functions of Kinship and Kinship Terminology. There are three basic functions of culturally defined kinship ties and socially recognized kinship categories in all human societies. Kinship provides continuity between the generations. Socialization of child and initial child care is done in a kinship unit. The transference of property and social positions from one generation to the other takes place in kin groups. Kinship defines a universe of persons on whom to depend in normal routine of life.
The other kin bigger than family are significant in many societies having adaptiveness to different situations. In tribal societies particularly in stateless societies lacking political mechanism to maintain order and initiate other activities the kinship provides the main structure of social action.
Kinship regulates marriage by defining who can marry whom or who should not marry among themselves and extends the area of kinship to unrelated ones through the bonds of marriage.
In small societies, kinship is the most important social bond. Most of the social groups are organized on the basis of kinship. Relationship between the individuals is mainly governed by the kinship norms. In western societies other principles of social organization such as work, citizenship, common economic and political interest and other varied common interests operate as basis of group organizations.
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